Pun Wikipedia. The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of wordplay that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language. A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple correct interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in jokes or idiomatic constructions, as their usage and meaning are specific to a particular language and its culture. Puns have a long history in human writing. Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs were originally based on punning systems, and the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games. Punning has been credited as the fundamental concept behind alphabets, writing, and even human civilization. TypologyeditPuns can be classified in various ways, including HomophoniceditThe homophonic pun, a common type, uses word pairs which sound alike homophones but are not synonymous. Walter Redfern summarized this type with his statement, To pun is to treat homonyms as synonyms. For example, in George Carlins phrase Atheism is a non prophet institution, the word prophet is put in place of its homophone profit, altering the common phrase non profit institution. Similarly, the joke Question Why do we still have troops in Germany Answer To keep the Russians in Czech relies on the aural ambiguity of the homophones check and Czech. Often, puns are not strictly homophonic, but play on words of similar, not identical, sound as in the example from the Pinky and the Brain cartoon film series I think so, Brain, but if we give peas a chance, wont the lima beans feel left out which plays with the similarbut not identicalsound of peas and peace in the anti war slogan Give Peace a Chance. HomographiceditA homographic pun exploits words which are spelled the same homographs but possess different meanings and sounds. Because of their nature, they rely on sight more than hearing, contrary to homophonic puns. They are also known as heteronymic puns. Examples in which the punned words typically exist in two different parts of speech often rely on unusual sentence construction, as in the anecdote When asked to explain his large number of children, the pig answered simply The wild oats of my sow gave us many piglets. G Queen Arcata. An example that combines homophonic and homographic punning is Douglas Adamss line You can tune a guitar, but you cant tuna fish. Unless of course, you play bass. The phrase uses the homophonic qualities of tune a and tuna, as well as the homographic pun on bass, in which ambiguity is reached through the identical spellings of a string instrument, and a kind of fish. Homonymic puns, another common type, arise from the exploitation of words which are both homographs and homophones. The statement Being in politics is just like playing golf you are trapped in one bad lie after another puns on the two meanings of the word lie as a deliberate untruth and as the position in which something rests. An adaptation of a joke repeated by Isaac Asimov gives us Did you hear about the little moron who strained himself while running into the screen door playing on strained as to give much effort and to filter. A homonymic pun may also be polysemic, in which the words must be homonymic and also possess related meanings, a condition that is often subjective. However, lexicographers define polysemes as listed under a single dictionary lemma a unique numbered meaning while homonyms are treated in separate lemmata. CompoundededitA compound pun is a statement that contains two or more puns. In this case, the wordplay cannot go into effect by utilizing the separate words or phrases of the puns that make up the entire statement. For example, a complex statement by Richard Whately includes four puns Why can a man never starve in the Great Desert Because he can eat the sand which is there. But what brought the sandwiches there Why, Noah sent Ham, and his descendants mustered and bred. This pun uses sand which is theresandwiches there, Hamham, musteredmustard, and bredbread. Similarly, the phrase piano is not my forte links two meanings of the words forte and piano, one for the dynamic markings in music and the second for the literal meaning of the sentence, as well as alluding to pianoforte, the older name of the instrument. Compound puns may also combine two phrases that share a word. For example, Where do mathematicians go on weekends To a Mbius strip club puns on the terms Mbius strip and strip club. RecursiveeditA recursive pun is one in which the second aspect of a pun relies on the understanding of an element in the first. English Grammar For Students Inductive Course in English English Grammar For Student. SeyfIHoca www. seyfIhoca. EngIIsh Crammar ENCLISH CPAhhAP EXPLANATIDNS AN0 EXEPCISES by hary AnseII. Second ed. Tabtight professional, free when you need it, VPN service. For example, the statement is only half a pie. Another example is Infinity is not in finity, which means infinity is not in finite range. Another example is a Freudian slip is when you say one thing but mean your mother. The recursive pun Immanuel doesnt pun, he Kant, is attributed to Oscar Wilde. Visual puns are sometimes used in logos, emblems, insignia, and other graphic symbols, in which one or more of the pun aspects is replaced by a picture. In European heraldry, this technique is called canting arms. Visual and other puns and word games are also common in Dutch gable stones as well as in some cartoons, such as Lost Consonants and The Far Side. Brighter Grammar Book 1 PdfAnother type of visual pun exists in languages which use non phonetic writing. For example, in Chinese, a pun may be based on a similarity in shape of the written character, despite a complete lack of phonetic similarity in the words punned upon. Mark Elvin describes how this peculiarly Chinese form of visual punning involved comparing written characters to objects. Richard J. Alexander notes two additional forms which puns may take graphological sometimes called visual puns, such as concrete poetry and morphological puns, such as portmanteaux. Comedy and jokeseditPuns are a common source of humour in jokes and comedy shows. They are often used in the punch line of a joke, where they typically give a humorous meaning to a rather perplexing story. These are also known as feghoots. The following example comes from the movie Master and Commander The Far Side of the World, though the punchline stems from far older Vaudeville roots. The final line puns on the stock phrase the lesser of two evils. Brighter Grammar Book 1' title='Brighter Grammar Book 1' />Captain Aubrey, played by Russell Crowe Do you see those two weevils, Doctor. Which would you chooseDr. Maturin Neither. Theres not a scrap of difference between them. Theyre the same species of Curculio. Captain Aubrey If you had to choose. If you were forced to make a choice. From the perspective we get on Earth, our planet appears to be big and sturdy with an endless ocean of air. From space, astronauts often get the impression that the. Have you ever fantasized about writing a Hollywood movie Or create the next great TV series Heres how to write a screenplay the way the pros do it. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. English on the internet. The best online resource for English as a second or foreign language ESL EFL, English exercises and activities, online English lessons. FEAR is the tool of a manmade devil. Selfconfident faith in ones self is both the manmade weapon which defeats this devil and the manmade tool which builds a. If there were no other option. Dr. Maturin Well, then, if youre going to push me. I would choose the right hand weevil. It has significant advantage in both length and breadth. Captain Aubrey There, I have you. Do you not know that in the Service, one must always choose the lesser of two weevilsPuns often are used in the titles of comedic parodies. A parody of a popular song, movie, etc., may be given a title that hints at the title of the work being parodied, substituting some of the words with ones that sound or look similar.