Invensys is now Schneider Electric. Discover our automation software, systems and controls for industrial products and processes. Artisteer web design generator for Joomla templates, Wordpress themes, Drupal themes, Blogger templates and DNN skins. Your source for Shareware, Freeware, Demos, Betas and PreReleases. This is the place to come for a first look at the hottest new software. Shareware companies need. Is it possible to have just the symbols alone I would really like to create a wall display circuit where the children can take off symbols and replace them with others. Electric vehicle battery Wikipedia. For the starting, lighting and ignition system battery of an automobile, see Automotive battery. A BMW i. 8 cutaway showing the carbon fiber structure and the electric motor. It began shipping to customers in 2. Li Ion batteries. An electric vehicle battery EVB or traction battery is a battery used to power the propulsion of battery electric vehicles BEVs. Electric Circuit Powerpoint Template' title='Electric Circuit Powerpoint Template' />Vehicle batteries are usually a secondary rechargeable battery. Traction batteries are used in forklifts, electric Golf carts, riding floor scrubbers, electric motorcycles, full size electric cars, trucks, vans, and other electric vehicles. Electric vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition SLI batteries because they are designed to give power over sustained periods of time. Deep cycle batteries are used instead of SLI batteries for these applications. Traction batteries must be designed with a high ampere hour capacity. Batteries for electric vehicles are characterized by their relatively high power to weight ratio, energy to weight ratio and energy density smaller, lighter batteries reduce the weight of the vehicle and improve its performance. Compared to liquid fuels, most current battery technologies have much lower specific energy, and this often impacts the maximal all electric range of the vehicles. The official FAQ of the Internet DVD newsgroups. Its primary emphasis is on video, but there is a section on data DVDs that describes each format. However, metal air batteries have high specific energy because the cathode is provided by the surrounding oxygen in the air. Rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles include leadacid flooded, deep cycle, and VRLA, Ni. Cd, nickelmetal hydride, lithium ion, Li ion polymer, and, less commonly, zincair and molten salt batteries. Discografia De Thalia. The amount of electricity i. The battery makes up a substantial cost of BEVs, which unlike for fossil fueled cars, profoundly manifests itself as a price of range. In the case of the Mi. EV 2. 01. 2 model, the price tag and advertised range is close to proportional between two versions with a different battery,1 giving the false impression that the battery makes up close to 1. However, some of the price difference comes from extra features in the higher priced version, plus an unknown price premium, making such a retail price comparison a very bad indicator of actual cost of battery capacity, but nevertheless serves to quantify battery capacity as a premium feature. The few electric cars with over 5. Tesla Model S with the 8. Wh battery, are firmly in the luxury segment, as of 2. Since the late 1. The BEV marketplace has reaped the benefits of these advances. However, Mitsubishi ascribes the price reduction of its 2. Mi. EV, compared to the 2. The cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by more than 3. Rechargeable traction batteries are routinely used all day and fast charged all night. Forklifts, for instance, are usually discharged and recharged every 2. The predicted market for automobile traction batteries is over 3. On an energy basis, the price of electricity to run an EV is a small fraction of the cost of liquid fuel needed to produce an equivalent amount of energy energy efficiency. The cost of replacing the batteries dominates the operating costs. Battery typesedit. Old Banks of conventional lead acid car batteries are still commonly used for EV propulsion. Cylindrical cell 1. Lead acideditFlooded lead acid batteries are the cheapest and in past most common traction batteries available. There are two main types of lead acid batteries automobile engine starter batteries, and deep cycle batteries. Automobile alternators are designed to provide starter batteries high charge rates for fast charges, while deep cycle batteries used for electric vehicles like forklifts or golf carts, and as the auxiliary house batteries in RVs, require different multi stage charging. No lead acid battery should be discharged below 5. Flooded batteries require inspection of electrolyte level and occasional replacement of water which gases away during the normal charging cycle. Traditionally, most electric vehicles have used lead acid batteries due to their mature technology, high availability, and low cost exception some early EVs, such as the Detroit Electric, used a nickeliron battery. Like all batteries, these have an environmental impact through their construction, use, disposal or recycling. On the upside, vehicle battery recycling rates top 9. United States. Deep cycle lead batteries are expensive and have a shorter life than the vehicle itself, typically needing replacement every 3 years. Lead acid batteries in EV applications end up being a significant 2. Like all batteries, they have significantly lower energy density than petroleum fuelsin this case, 3. Whkg. While the difference isnt as extreme as it first appears due to the lighter drive train in an EV, even the best batteries tend to lead to higher masses when applied to vehicles with a normal range. The efficiency 7. Recent advances in battery efficiency, capacity, materials, safety, toxicity and durability are likely to allow these superior characteristics to be applied in car sized EVs. Charging and operation of batteries typically results in the emission of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which are naturally occurring and normally harmless if properly vented. Early Citicar owners discovered that, if not vented properly, unpleasant sulfur smells would leak into the cabin immediately after charging. Lead acid batteries powered such early modern EVs as the original versions of the EV1 and the RAV4 EV. Nickel metal hydrideeditNickel metal hydride batteries are now considered a relatively mature technology. Johann Strauss Midi Files. While less efficient 6. Whkg, far higher than lead acid. When used properly, nickel metal hydride batteries can have exceptionally long lives, as has been demonstrated in their use in hybrid cars and surviving Ni. MH RAV4 EVs that still operate well after 1. Downsides include the poor efficiency, high self discharge, very finicky charge cycles, and poor performance in cold weather. GM Ovonic produced the Ni. MH battery used in the second generation EV 1, and Cobasys makes a nearly identical battery ten 1. V 8. 5 Ah Ni. MH cells in series in contrast with eleven cells for Ovonic battery. This worked very well in the EV 1. Patent encumbrance has limited the use of these batteries in recent years. The sodium or zebra battery uses a molten chloroaluminate sodium Na. Al. Cl. 4 as the electrolyte. This chemistry is also occasionally referred to as hot salt. A relatively mature technology, the Zebra battery has an energy density of 1. Whkg and reasonable series resistance. Since the battery must be heated for use, cold weather doesnt strongly affect its operation except for in increasing heating costs. They have been used in several EVs. Zebras can last for a few thousand charge cycles and are nontoxic. The downsides to the Zebra battery include poor power density lt 3. Wkg and the requirement of having to heat the electrolyte to about 2. C 5. 20 F, which wastes some energy and presents difficulties in long term storage of charge. Zebra batteries have been used in the Modeccommercial vehicle since it entered production in 2. Lithium ioneditLithium ion and similar lithium polymer batteries, widely known via their use in laptops and consumer electronics, dominate the most recent group of EVs in development. The traditional lithium ion chemistry involves a lithium cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite anode.